The Umayyad Dome Of The Rock Analysis Religion Essay Example

The Umayyad Dome Of The Rock Analysis Religion Essay The Umayyad Dome of the Rock is one of the cardinal plant of Islamic architecture. At this point, it is deserving adverting the fact that the Umayyad Dome of the Rock is celebrated work of art and architecture, which had a figure of inexplicit significances among which it is possible to individual out political deductions and correlativities to Biblical Bibles. In add-on, the Umayyad Dome of the Rock reveals the impact of external factors, including the impact of Christianity and Judaism on the architecture of the dome. In this respect, it is deserving adverting the fact that, historically, Islam and Judaism were closely intertwined, although Islam had appeared centuries ago since the visual aspect of Judaism and Christianity. In this respect, it is deserving adverting the fact that many specializers ( Cowling, 2005 ) position Judaism as one of the major monotheistic faith, which became the precursor of such universe faiths as Christianity and Islam. In fact, the outgrowth of Islam w as the development of the new faith, which though had a batch of similarities to Judaism and Christianity. In such a context, the similarity between Islam, Christianity and Judaism can be viewed as the consequence of the historical interaction between these faiths. In this respect, it is deserving adverting the fact that the development of Islam was closely intertwined with Judaism and Christianity because representatives of these faiths have interacted since ancient clip. Even though Islam emerged in the 7th century AD, the population converted to Islam had an extended experience of interaction with Judaist, whereas Jews ever lived in Muslim states. In such a manner, the interaction between Islam, Christianity and Judaism was determined by the historical development of both faiths and it was grounded on the vicinity of both civilizations. In such a context, the inexplicit significance of the Umayyad Dome of the Rock reveals non merely concealed Islamic context and significance but besides it reveals the influence of Christianity and Judaism on Islam. At first glimpse the Umayyad Dome of the Rock is the manifestation of the traditional Islamic architecture. In this respect, it is deserving adverting the fact that the Umayyad Dome of the Rock was built in Jerusalem, the metropolis, which was sacred for Muslims every bit good as representatives of other mainstream faiths in the part, such as Judaism and Christianity. At this point, it is of import to put accent on the fact that the sanctity of Jerusalem was, after all, inherited by Islam from Judaism and Christianity ( Rabbat, 14 ) . Therefore, the building of the Umayyad Dome of the Rock in Jerusalem was an of import determination and, in all chance, it was determined by the importance of edifice in the political and spiritual context. In fact, the building of the Umayyad Dome of the Rock was the effort to demo the power of Islam and its domination in the Holy City Jerusalem. We will write a custom essay sample on The Umayyad Dome Of The Rock Analysis Religion specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Umayyad Dome Of The Rock Analysis Religion specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Umayyad Dome Of The Rock Analysis Religion specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer On the other manus, specializers point out that the Dome of the Rock has no instantly discernable intent or map other than the commemorating 1, and even that is riddled with uncertainnesss ( Rabbat, 12 ) . However, such uncertainness refering the intent of the building of the Umayyad Dome of the Rock is caused by the assortment of deductions refering the significance of the edifice and its intents. In other words, the diverseness of positions on the Umayyad Dome of the Rock leads to the outgrowth of legion readings of the significance of the edifice. At this point, it is deserving adverting the fact that the Umayyad Dome of the Rock represents the manifestation of the Islamic architecture. On the other manus, specializers point out that it is necessary to see the Dome as a memorial which used Biblical intensions and Christian-Byzantine signifiers to enforce Islam s presence in the Holy City. The combination would connote that the new religion considered itself the continuance and the seal of the two predating 1s: Hebraism and Christianity ( Rabbat, 12-13 ) . Such a decision derives from the monumental architecture and the location of the edifice. At this point, it is deserving adverting the fact that the Umayyad Dome of the Rock has incorporated elements of Biblical texts and Bibles. Hence, the Umayyad Dome of the Rock reveals the close links of Islam with other faiths, such as Christianity and Judaism. The similar tendencies between faiths can be traced by similarities of their spiritual constructs and thoughts. For case, Christianity, Islam and Judaism are monotheistic. In this respect, Judaism was one of the first monotheistic faiths, whereas Islam is one of the latest universe faiths, which had gained the public blessing and support of many trusters. Christianity, Judaism and Islam acknowledge one God merely, although each faith has its ain God. In add-on, similarities can be traced in sacred texts and books of Judaism and Islam. At this point, it is deserving adverting the fact that Islam and Judaism have similarities in sacred texts because their sacred texts are interrelated. To set it more exactly, they frequently refer to similar or indistinguishable events in the history and spiritual life of Jews and Muslims. As a consequence, they focus on similar events but the reading of these events every bit good as their inside informations may differ depending on the faith. Hence, the elements of Biblical texts and Christian and Judaist constructs can be traced in the Umayyad Dome of the Rock. At the same clip, it is possible to presuppose that the Biblical elements in the Umayyad Dome of the Rock can be determined by the effort of designers to demo the power of Islam and its high quality in respect to other faiths. In such a manner, the Umayyad Dome of the Rock could typify the high quality of Islam because it showed that all Biblical texts and sacred texts of Christianity and Judaism were incorporated in the Umayyad Dome of the Rock that implies their subordination to Islam. In add-on, specializers ( Rabbat, 15 ) point out the political deductions of the Umayyad Dome of the Rock. What is meant here is the fact that the Umayyad Dome of the Rock could be constructed to the show the power of the opinion dynasty. To set it more exactly, the opinion dynasty efforts to demo its regard to God and faith. In such a context, the building of the Umayyad Dome of the Rock was the manifestation of the effort of the governing dynasty to go forth its hint in history of Islam and to demo its power. At the same clip, the building of the Umayyad Dome of the Rock implied that the opinion dynasty is ageless because its regulation will last every bit long as the Umayyad Dome of the Rock bases. In such a context, the Umayyad Dome of the Rock has a symbolic political significance. In add-on, the edifice was constructed in Jerusalem, which was non merely the spiritual centre but besides the topic of heat political battle. For case, Crusades ever aimed at the invasion of Jerusale m, whereas Muslims ever attempted to continue the metropolis as the Holy City of Islam. Therefore, taking into history all above mentioned, it is of import to put accent on the fact that the Umayyad Dome of the Rock had multiple significances and deductions. In this respect, it is possible to individual out the spiritual, political and cultural deductions of the building of the Umayyad Dome of the Rock. The chief point of the building of the Umayyad Dome of the Rock was to demo the high quality of Islam and Islamic civilization over others and to demo the power of the governing dynasty under which the Umayyad Dome of the Rock was constructed. In such a manner, the Umayyad Dome of the Rock became a symbol of Islam in Jerusalem.

King George III Essays - House Of Hanover, Royal Botanic Gardens

King George III Essays - House Of Hanover, Royal Botanic Gardens King George III England has never produced a ruler quite like King George III. Often called the mad king. George III is one of the most interesting figures in history. One of the most active rulers in his time, George III, despite his disabilities, has seen England and America through the French Indian war, and the American Revolution. Unlike his grandfather George II, George III actively participated in the running of Great Britain. Government was one of his great passions in life. He owed much of his involvement in politics to his mother, Princess Augusta of Saxe-Gotha, who raised him to be an active king, a ruling power, rather than a head figure. ?Be a King, George!? his mother said. Never having a chance to be a queen herself, Princess Augusta, tried to rule through her young son. Her husband, Frederick, died while still holding the position of, Prince of Whales. Princess Augusta tried to rule through her son, after all, when he became king, in 1760, he was only 22. She saw the power of government slip into the hands of Parliament, during the reign of George I, and George II. This was in part a result of lack of communication. George I spoke French and made little effort to learn the English language, and his son George II made no effort at all to learn English. They were both content to leave the workings of government to their ministers, while they remained king in name only. But now came this young George III, setting out ?to eradicate the deep system of ministerial power?and to fulfill the executive trust vested in him by the laws He wanted to take the reins of government, and put the power back into the royal family. He did not eliviate the ministers, and Parliament entirely, but they did have to go through him whenever an important decision was to be made. Of course the ministers did not like this new approach to things. George III lead an active life, he enjoyed outdoor activities such as farming, horse back riding, and hunting. Another unusual characteristic of this new king was his loyalty to his wife, Charlotte of Mecklenbu-Strelitz. It is very common for English kings to have many mistresses throughout the course of their reign. Queen Charlotte was not the woman that George wanted to marry, his heart belonged to Lady Sarah Lennox, but he remained loyal to his wife even though she was not the woman he loved. George?s advisor, John Stuart, Earl of Bute, advised that George not marry for love, but instead marry royalty. George followed his advice, and became devoted to Queen Charlotte. He gave her six daughters and nine sons, a total of fifteen children. George was only 26 when he had his first attack of insanity. Historians now believe that George III wasn?t mad at all; he had a physical disease know as hepatic porphyria. Porphyria is a genetic metabolic anomaly ?due to overproduction of the porphyrin precursors?An increased quantity of porphobilinogen (and porphyrins) accumulates in the liver.? Porphyria is chronic, it is hereditary, and has side effects such as delirium, hallucinations, psychoses, anxiety, irritability, confusion, and restlessness. In other words George may have been a victim of a physical disease, but he was still a madman. George was very upset by the colonists reaction to the stamp act. He took their defiance personally, thinking that it was him they hated. George did not see why the colonists refused to pay this extremely low tax. He was infuriated by their subordinate behavior. His anger mounted with the Boston Tea Party in 1773, the battles of Lexington and Bunker Hill 1775, the Declaration of Independence in 1776, and the entrance into the war, on the colonists? side, of France, Spain, and Holland in 1778, 1779, and 1780. However, the loss of the American Revolution was not responsible for George?s insanity. As I?ve mentioned before, George suffered from Porphyria, and although certain aggravating events in history did enrage him they had nothing to do with his madness. George refused to speak to America?s new ambassador, John Adams. King George did not show the first signs of insanity until 1788. Such fits of insanity became

Biography of Juan Ponce de León, Conquistador

Biography of Juan Ponce de Leà ³n, Conquistador Juan Ponce de Leà ³n (1460 or 1474–1521) was a Spanish conquistador and explorer who was most active in the Caribbean in the early part of the 16th century. His name is usually associated with the exploration of Puerto Rico and Florida, where, according to popular legend, he searched for the legendary Fountain of Youth. He was wounded in an Indian attack in Florida in 1521 and died in Cuba shortly thereafter. Fast Facts: Juan Ponce de Leà ³n Known For: Exploring the Caribbean and discovering FloridaBorn: 1460 or 1474 in Santervs de Campos, SpainDied: July 1521 in Havana, CubaSpouse: LenoraChildren: Juana, Isabel, Maria, Luis (some sources say three children) Early Life and Arrival in America Ponce de Leà ³n was born in the Spanish village of Santervs de Campos in the current-day province of Valladolid. Historical sources generally agree that he had several blood ties to an influential aristocracy, but his parents are unknown. His date of arrival in the New World isnt certain: Many historical sources place him on Columbus second voyage (1493), while others claim that he first arrived with Spaniard Nicols de Ovandos fleet in 1502. He could have been on both and gone back to Spain in between. In any event, he arrived in the Americas no later than 1502. Farmer and Landowner Ponce de Leà ³n was on the Island of Hispaniola in 1504 when native Indians attacked a Spanish settlement. Ovando, by then  the governor of Hispaniola, sent a force in reprisal that included Ponce de Leà ³n as an officer. The natives were brutally crushed. He must have impressed Ovando because he was awarded a choice piece of land that came with a number of natives to work it, as was the custom at the time. Ponce de Leà ³n made the most of this plantation, turning it into productive farmland and raising vegetables and animals including pigs, cattle, and horses. Food was in short supply for all the expeditions and exploration taking place, so he prospered. He married a woman named Leonor, an innkeeper’s daughter, and founded a town called Salvaleà ³n de Higà ¼ey, now in the Dominican Republic, near his plantation. His house still stands and is open for tours. Puerto Rico At that time, nearby Puerto Rico was called San Juan Bautista. Ponce de Leà ³n made a clandestine visit to the nearby island sometime in 1506, probably following rumors of gold. While there, he built a few cane structures at a site that would later become the town of Caparra and, even later, an archaeological site. In mid-1508, Ponce de Leà ³n asked for and received royal permission to explore and colonize San Juan Bautista. He set out in August, making his first official voyage to the island in one ship with about 50 men. He returned to the site of Caparra and began setting up a settlement. Disputes and Difficulties Ponce de Leà ³n was appointed governor of San Juan Bautista the next year, but he quickly ran into trouble with his settlement following the arrival of Diego Columbus. Christopher Columbus son was made governor of San Juan Bautista, Hispaniola, and the other lands his father had found in the New World. Diego Columbus wasnt happy that Ponce de Leà ³n had been given royal permission to explore and settle San Juan Bautista. Ponce de Leà ³ns governorship was later validated by King Ferdinand of Spain, but in 1511, a Spanish court found in favor of Columbus. Ponce de Leà ³n had many friends, and Columbus couldnt get rid of him completely, but it was apparent that Columbus was going to win the legal battle for San Juan Bautista. Ponce de Leà ³n began looking for other places to settle. Florida He asked for and was granted royal permission to explore for lands to the northwest. Anything he found would be his, as Christopher Columbus had never gone there. He was looking for Bimini, a land vaguely described by the Taà ­no natives as a wealthy land to the northwest. On March 3, 1513, Ponce de Leà ³n set out from San Juan Bautista with three ships and about 65 men. They sailed northwest and on April 2 discovered what they took for a large island. Because it was the Easter season (known as Pascua Florida, roughly Easter flowers, in Spanish) and because of the flowers on the land, Ponce de Leà ³n named it Florida. The location of their first landfall is unknown. The expedition explored much of the coast of Florida and several of the islands between Florida and Puerto Rico, such as the Florida Keys, Turks and Caicos, and the Bahamas. They also discovered the Gulf Stream. The small fleet returned to San Juan Bautista on Oct. 19. King Ferdinand Ponce de Leà ³n found that his position in San Juan Bautista had weakened in his absence. Marauding Carib Indians had attacked Caparra and Ponce de Leà ³n’s family had narrowly escaped with their lives. Diego Columbus used this as an excuse to enslave any natives, a policy that Ponce de Leà ³n didnt support. He decided to go to Spain. He met with King Ferdinand in 1514. He was knighted, given a coat of arms, and received confirmation of his rights to Florida. He had barely returned to San Juan Bautista when word reached him of Ferdinand’s death. Ponce de Leà ³n returned once again to Spain to meet with the regent, Cardinal Cisneros, who assured him his rights to Florida were intact. Second Trip to Florida In January 1521, Ponce de Leà ³n started preparations to return to Florida. He went to Hispaniola to find supplies and financing and sailed on Feb. 20. Records of the second trip are poor, but evidence suggests it was a fiasco. He and his men sailed to the western coast of Florida to found their settlement. The exact location is unknown. Soon after they arrived, a ferocious Indian attack drove them back to the sea. Many of Ponce de Leà ³ns soldiers were killed, and he was seriously wounded in his thigh by an arrow that possibly was poisoned. Death The trip to Florida was abandoned. Some of the men went to Veracruz, Mexico, to join conquistador Hernn Cortes. Ponce de Leà ³n went to Cuba in the hopes that he would recover there, but it was not to be. He died of his wounds in Havana sometime in July 1521. The Fountain of Youth According to legend, while Ponce de Leà ³n was in Florida he was searching for the Fountain of Youth, a mythical spring that could reverse the effects of aging. There is little hard evidence that he seriously searched for the spring; mentions appear in a handful of histories published years after he died. It wasnt uncommon for explorers of the time to search for or supposedly find mythological places. Columbus himself claimed to have found the Garden of Eden, and countless men died in the jungles searching for El Dorado, the gilded one, a mythical place of gold and precious jewels. Other explorers claimed to have seen the bones of giants, and the Amazon is named after mythological warrior-women. Ponce de Leà ³n might have been looking for the Fountain of Youth, but it would certainly have been secondary to his search for gold or a good place to establish his next settlement. Legacy Juan Ponce de Leà ³n was an important pioneer and explorer most often associated with Florida and Puerto Rico. He was a product of his time. Historical sources agree that he was relatively good to natives who were assigned to his lands- relatively being the operative word. His workers suffered greatly and rose up against him on at least one occasion, only to be brutally put down. Still, most other Spanish landowners were much worse. His lands were productive and very important for feeding the ongoing colonization effort of the Caribbean. He was known, however, for brutal attacks on indigenous populations. He was hard working and ambitious and might have accomplished much more had he been free of politics. Although he enjoyed royal favor, he couldnt avoid local pitfalls, including constant struggles with the Columbus family. He will forever be associated with the Fountain of Youth, although he was far too practical to waste much time on such an endeavor. At best, he was keeping an eye out for the fountain and any number of other legendary things as he went about the business of exploration and colonization. Sources Fuson, Robert H. Juan Ponce de Leà ³n and the Spanish Discovery of Puerto Rico and Florida. McDonald and Woodward, 2000.Puerto Ricos History, WelcometoPuertoRico.org.

International Economic Environment of Business Essay

International Economic Environment of Business - Essay Example This essay stresses that the United Arab Emirates has evolved through series of business strategic developments which have seen it survived many economic crises during the last four decades. The country has adopted proactive measures to make sure that the activities of the foreign investors are not hindered by any internal economic hurdles that could destroy the plan of UAE government to create an international business haven for businesspeople of different kind. This paper makes a conclusion that the United Arab Emirates is made up of seven federating states that are governed by a President and constitutional monarchies. The country has interconnected series of governing bodies that manage the affairs of both the public and the business sector. Even though the Islamic ideology is the modus operandi, the institutions of social control in United Arab Emirates have been modernized in recent times, and they are quite similar to those obtainable in Western countries. The President appoints ministers who will manage the affairs of their respective ministries. As far as international business is concerned, the following ministries provide the appropriate protection for the foreign businesses operating in UAE: ministries of Foreign Trade, Economy, Social Affairs, and so on. There are some business regulatory agencies which regulate the business environment to guarantee that standards are not compromised; there are law-enforcement agents like police, immigration and customs officials that make sure that the properties of foreign businesses are duly protected.

A central assumption made in Mean-Variance Analysis and the Capital Essay

A central assumption made in Mean-Variance Analysis and the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) is that investors prefer to invest in the most efficient portfolios available - Essay Example To determine an efficient portfolio, an efficient frontier is drawn. The efficient frontier is a graph drawn to exhibit different portfolios with a different combination of returns and risks. To achieve such optimal portfolio, there must be a combination of the lowest risk with the highest expected return. The figure below shows the efficient frontier. The efficient frontier has a Y- axis that measures the anticipated rate of return (ER) and X- axis that measures the standard deviation (∞). The curve JKL drawn in the graph is the minimum variance frontier which combines the risk of a portfolio and anticipated return on portfolio to minimize the return deviation at distinct levels of return expected. On the efficient frontier, there are some points that are found either below or above it. Those portfolios that lie below the frontier provide an inadequate return for a given risk hence they are sub-optimal. In other words, they are attainable but insufficient. Conversely, those that lie to the right of the frontier have higher risks given a certain rate of return. In theinvestment of securities, the main objective is to earn returns from a respective investment. High-risk with high returns is always avoided because they require high capital for investment. An investor can anticipate earning a lot from a given security but because of the fluctuations of the market prices and inflation, such investor can incur a loss simply because the future movements of the portfolio cannot be predicted (Fama 2009, p.452). Given an axiom that all investors fear risk, none of them will be willing to invest in a portfolio that has a high possibility of a loss. However, investors prefer a portfolio that has low-risk because they can be certain of the expected returns from a certain portfolio. Though they will not be getting the maximum returns they wish, they are able to get the returns for unforeseen future because

The relationship between Macbeth and Lady Macbeth in the early scenes of Shakespeares play Essay Example for Free

The relationship between Macbeth and Lady Macbeth in the early scenes of Shakespeares play Essay Explore the relationship between Macbeth and Lady Macbeth in the early scenes of Shakespeares play. Make specific reference to Act 1, Sc 5 and 7 and Act 2, Scene 2. At the beginning of Act 1, Scene 5, we see Lady Macbeth reading a letter from her husband. This letter outlines Macbeths battle with the Norweyans and his meeting with the three witches. He also tells his wife that he has been honoured by his King, and has a new title, Thane of Cawdor, thus fulfilling the first of the witches prophecies. Macbeth tells his wife that the witches hailed him King that shalt be, and addresses her as his partner of greatness. This can been seen as a sign of a good relationship. Macbeth is telling his wife of something major that may happen to him, and trusts her. He also calls he his partner of greatness, telling us that the Macbeth believes he and his wife are of equal stature and have ambition for each other. This shows a balanced relationship. Macbeth trusts his wife implicitly when he tells her of the witches prophecies, Lay it to thy heart, He says in a conspiratorial tone. Lady Macbeth obviously knows her husbands character well, and knows would be more than hesitant about killing his own King for his own gain, but that he is, not without ambition Macbeth is a honourable man and a good warrior and servant to his King. Lady Macbeth fully recognises this and knows he would no want to kill his King. yet I do fear thy nature, It is too full of the th milk of human kindness To catch the nearest way Lady Macbeth seems to be the more dominant of the two in the relationship, and seems more likely to take real action to ensure that he will be King than her husband. She speaks of convincing her husband, Hie thee hither, That I may pour my spirits in thine ear, And chastise thee with the valour of my tongue All that impedes thee from the golden round A serf then interrupts her soliloquy, to inform her that the King will arrive at the Macbeth castle on that very night, and Lady Macbeth is surprised. She speaks of King Duncans entrance under her battlements, seemingly emphasizing her possession of the household, ..the fatal entrance of Duncan Under my battlements. Lady Macbeth now invokes murdring ministers to take over her body and thoughts, to give her the determination and strength to inspire her husband into murdering his own King. This shows that Lady Macbeth is prepared to go to any lengths to get what she wants. .Come you spirits That tend on mortal thoughts, unsex me here. .Come on my womans breasts, And take my milk for gall. However, Macbeth is not so easily won over. He will not give in to such a treacherous idea with out some discussion, and does not want that discussion as soon as he returns to his home, We will speak further, he says in a commanding tone. Lady Macbeth again shows her cunning in the matter and points out to Macbeth that he can look innocent but still commit this terrible crime. She seems to think this is perfectly all right and encourages him to, .look like th innocent flower But be the serpent undert. We leave the scene with Lady Macbeth assuring her husband that everything will be fine if he will, .Only look up clear; To alter favour ever is to fear Leave all the rest to me. At the beginning of Act 1, Scene 7, we are presented with Macbeth in a room in his castle, pondering his options. He seems to be more convinced that he could murder his king, but he is still not certain. He is filled with self doubt and is afraid of the consequences this dreadful act will harbour. Macbeth feels that one murder will not immediately bring about his coronation, and that he may have to kill many others, ..if th assassination Could trammel up the consequence, and catch With his surcease, success; that but this blow Might be the be-all and end-all While mulling this point over, it dawns on Macbeth what a truly horrible deed the murder will be. He realises his duty as his kings subject, and this bears heavy on his mind, .Hes here in double trust: First, as I am his kinsman and his subject, Strong both against the deed: then, as his host, Who should against his murderer should shut the door. Macbeth feels alone and in isolation. He has no one to turn to, to discuss his intent to be king. He cannot tell any of his other house guests that he is considering to kill his king. Macbeth makes a decision not to attempt to kill the king, and knows only his greedy ambition is making him even consider this vile act, ..I have no spur To prick the sides of my intent, but only Vaulting ambition which oerleaps itself, And falls on th other- At this point Lady Macbeth interrupts his quiet thought. This is a pivotal point in the play. Macbeth has clearly made up his mind not to kill Duncan, We will proceed no further in this business, but Lady Macbeth thinks she can convince him otherwise. Lady Macbeth seems horrified at her husbands apparent weakness. Macbeth is a brave warrior, who has killed for his country many times, but will not take a dagger to a single man in his own home, .Wouldst thou have that Which thou esteemsst the ornament of life, And live a coward in thine own esteem, Letting I dare not wait upon I would' Their now seems to be immense tension on the once flourishing relationship. Macbeth is disgusted that he may be called a coward, and claims he would do anything any other man would, and more, I dare do all that may become a man; Who dares do more is none. Lady Macbeth uses brutal and impassionate words to try to change her husbands mind, .I have given suck, and know How tender tis to love the babe that milks me I would while it was smiling in my face Have plucked my nipple from his boneless gums, And dashed the brains out, had I so sworn as you Have done to this The use of this graphically horrific image turns Macbeth into acceptance of his wifes plans; although he does try one last ditch attempt to talk himself out of the deed, If we should fail? This feeble effort to find a way out of killing is immediately put down by his wife, who is sure they will succeed, We fail? But screw your courage to the sticking-place, And well not fail What cannot you and I perform upon Th unguarded Duncan? Lady Macbeth is trying to convince her husband that they will be partners in this act, but in reality, all she will have to do is set the scene for the murder, whereas Macbeth must commit the foul deed. Macbeth is in complete awe of his wifes self-belief, and is convinced that she is so unladylike that she may , Bring forth men-children only, For thy undaunted mettle should compose Nothing but males. Macbeth has decided to give in to his wifes domineering personality and puts his trust completely in her, I am settled. The couple, having seem to have overcome this temporary disruption in their marriage, now plan to participate in the murder of the guest, King Duncan. They agree to greet the news, of his untimely death with complete disbelief and horror that such a thing could happen in their own home, False face must hide what the false heart doth know. At the start of Act 2, Scene 2, we encounter Lady Macbeth returning after poisoning Duncans chamberlains. She seems to be exited by the prospect of the murder, and, no doubt, the prospect of being Queen of Scotland. She is enthralled and confides in us, That which hath made them drunk hath made me bold; What hath quenched them hath given me fire. Macbeth himself appears more subdued when reappears on stage carrying the bloodstained knives of the chamberlains, showing none of the fiery passion of his wife. In fact, Macbeth seems to be preoccupied with the sounds of the night. He tells his wife of Donalbains cry of murder in his sleep. Donalbain then prayed, but Macbeth could not answer his prayer. He is preoccupied with what may be the punishment from God for his abominable act, Listening their fear, I could not say Amen, When they did say God bless us!' His wife is comforting, fearing Macbeth may expose that they, not they chamberlains are the perpetrators of the crime, Consider it not so deeply. .These deeds must not be thought after these ways; so, it will make us mad. Macbeth continues in his irrational babbling, against the desires of his wife, clearly in complete disbelief of his acts. Methought I heard a voice cry Sleep no more! Macbeth does murder sleep, the innocent sleep. His wifes cool calm exterior appears to be at breaking point, and her frustration is obvious at her husband, and compares him to a frightened child, Infirm of purpose! Give me the daggers. The sleeping and the dead Are but pictures. Tis the eye of childhood That fears the painted devil Shakespeare now uses knocking as a stage device, signifying the urgency of the situation. The couple have no time to brood over their actions, but still lady Macbeth manages to keep her composure, under immense pressure, My hands are of your colour; but I shame To wear a heart so white [knock within] I hear a knocking At the south entry. Retire we to our chamber. Macbeth now completely regrets the nights incidences and wants to undo the horror he laid upon his king, to know my deed, twere best not know my self [Knock within Wake Duncan with thy knocking. I would thou couldst. By the end of this scene, we see the once close and happy couple growing further and further apart. Lady Macbeth concerns herself with the immediate future, whereas he husband is emotionally shattered, and will never be the same man again. This violent scene is the beginning of the constant corrosion, which plagues the couple throughout the play, eventually resulting in complete communication breakdown.

Custom Written Term Papers: The Role of Women in Othello

The Role of Women in Othello At the beginning of Othello two men stand and discuss the fate of a woman. One contested for her and lost and the other willingly admits to her beauty, charm and worth. Both men wish to bring down the man who has won her, Desdemona, and slander her name nonetheless. This man, their rival and superior is none other than Othello. Othello has managed to obtain something they could not; Desdemona. Throughout the play Desdemona is rarely viewed as a human being, she is merely a prize, and from the very beginning Desdemona is an object of lust. Emilia and Bianca are also mistreated in this way. The three women in the play; Desdemona, Emilia and Bianca contrast in class. Desdemona is born from a high-class Venetian family, Emilia is from a servant class and Bianca is a prostitute or "whore", a word that Desdemona refuses to use. Despite this they are all abused by men and are objects of men's sexuality, and they all suffer under the cruel hands of those whom they love. Each one is shown in relation to a particular man, (Othello, Iago and Cassio) and is contrasted with the other women, which reveal how the stereotypical version of womanhood impacts their lives, (in Desdemona and Emilia's case, their deaths). The three women's eventual destinies are interlinked with the plays central symbol: the handkerchief. Women are major characters in Shakespeare's plays.   In "Othello" women are ... ...e: Reflections Chiefly on the Tragedies. Lincoln, NB: University of Nebraska Press, 1993. Muir, Kenneth. Introduction. William Shakespeare: Othello. New York: Penguin Books, 1968. Neely, Carol. "Women and Men in Othello" Critical Essays on Shakespeare's Othello. Ed. Anthony G. Barthelemy Pub. Macmillan New York, NY 1994. (page 68-90) Shakespeare, William. Othello. In The Electric Shakespeare. Princeton University. 1996. http://www.eiu.edu/~multilit/studyabroad/othello/othello_all.html No line nos. Wayne, Valerie. â€Å"Historical Differences: Misogyny and Othello.† The Matter of Difference: Materialist Feminist Criticism of Shakespeare. Ed Valerie Wayne. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1991.

Are women better rulers than men? Essay

This argument on the question; are women better rulers than men? Will focus on the example of Elizabeth I compared to the average of male rulers. It mostly depends which era you live in, in modern times it would really not make much of a difference as both genders are considered equal. But in the Tudor era, looking at it from the present, a female would definitely have had the upper hand, but from the common perspective of people in the Tudor times a female would have been considered lower, for a number of reasons, the main one being, female rulers were supposed to have a husband to make the decisions for them, while the queen got on producing a male heir. Because it was lady-like in those times. The definition for lady-like then was to be quiet, sit in a corner be submissive to males and not be able to do any thing for themselves. That really did challenge Elizabeth in the start as her parliament kept pestering her toThere were a number of traits that Elizabeth also had that made her more successful than others. One of them was she was fluent in 6 languages; her native English, French, Italian, Spanish, Greek, and Latin. Later she came to terms with a bit of german. They became very useful to her in foreign plolitical situations such as when shemade an alliance with France. The St Bartholomew’s Day Massacre, in which thousands of French Protestants (Huguenots) were killed, strained the alliance but did not break it. Elizabeth even began marriage negotiations with Henry, Duke of Anjou , and afterwards with his younger brother Franà §ois, Duke of Anjou and Alenà §on. Another was that she was a just ruler and upheld the law, when she wanted, she could be ruthless (such as when the earl of essex plotted to overthrow her she had him executed immediately)but at times she can be merciful (like when she captured her half sister mary she kept transferring her from keep to keep for 18 years until she ordered her execution. Although some say this was because she was waiting for enough evidence to execute her; if she executed her too early a lot of people would view her as a martyr). She was also very brave; at the beginning of the sapnish armada, when she was 55, she deleivered a speech to her men on horseback wearing light armour, with no guard or royal escort, only her pages. (some saw this as foolery)  She was also trained partially in fencing, as part of her fitness. Women didnt usually participate in any physical activity.she could also be very rude to noblemenShe also never married and is commonly called the virgin queen (there is some speculation about this) many say that not marrying was the key to her success, it meant that she had no loyalties to anyone but the people of england, but she did have the loyalties of many men who she kept flirting with letting them think they were all in with a chance of marrying her and so did almost everything she asked. This proved she was a talented manipulater. It is also said that she never married because she was mentally scarred from the treatment of her fathers wives and how he had beheaded hers and feared that the same might happen to her. Others say that she never married because she was deeply passionate about Robert Dudley and she could not marry him for a number of reasons cheifly because he was extremly unpopular with the parliament because his family was a long line of rogue nobles. Over all I think that elizabeth proved that women are very much better rulers than men as there is no other monarchs time of reign that was called THE GOLDEN AGE[1]. Bibliography http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_I_of_England

Disruptive technology Essay

The first innovation that was mentioned in this case was that of an Incremental Innovation. An incremental innovation is a series of small improvements to an existing product or product line that usually helps maintain or improve its competitive position over time. Incremental innovation is regularly used within the high technology business by companies that need to continue to improve their products to include new features increasingly desired by consumers. The case describes that the old way of selling â€Å"hard copy† music, movies, and games could shift to providing new ‘e-tailing’ channels through which you can obtain the latest CD of your preference – for example, from Amazon.com or CD-Now or 100 other websites. These innovations increase the choice and tailoring of the music purchasing service and demonstrate some of the ‘richness/reach’ economic shifts of the new Internet game. This is not a drastic change in marketing to sell hard copies of these products; it is simply a shift from the brick and mortar to an online option. It does not shift the way these products are produced, but is however an incremental change in the way it is distributed. The second innovation which was described was a Discontinuous innovation. Discontinuous innovations cause a paradigm shift in science or technology and/or the market structure of an industry. As they are entirely new-to-the world products, made to perform a function for which no product has previously existed, discontinuous innovation requires a good deal of learning for the incumbent organization and its value network, including the user. This Discontinuous innovation is described in the ways in which music is created and distributed, and in the business model on which the whole music industry is currently predicated. Discontinuous innovations also disrupt established routine and may even require a very different set of capabilities and new behavior patterns. The notion of novelty is relative so a discontinuous innovation for one organization might be an incremental one for another. As the case describes, aspiring musicians no longer need to depend on being picked up by A&R staff from major companies who can bear the costs of recording and production of a physical CD. Instead they can use home recording software and either produce a CD themselves or else go straight to MP3 – and then distribute the product globally via newsgroups, chat rooms, etc. In the process they effectively create a parallel and much more direct music industry which leaves existing players and artists on the sidelines. Napster posed a huge threat to the established music business since it involved no payment of royalties. There are now many other sites emulating and extending what Napster started – sites such as Gnutella, Kazaa, Limewire took the P2P idea further and enabled exchange of many different file formats – text, video, etc. In Napster’s own case the phenomenally successful site concluded a deal with entertainment giant Bertelsman which paved the way for subscription-based services which provide some revenue stream to deal with the royalty issue. Apple was another company who saw the need for change, and successfully implemented discontinu ous innovation to shake up the music industry. With the launch of their successful iPod personal MP3 player they opened a site called iTunes which offered users a choice of thousands of tracks for download at 99c each. In its first weeks of operation it recorded 1 million hits and in February 2006. Over 1 billion songs have now been legally purchased and downloaded around the globe, representing a major force against music piracy and the future of music distribution as we move from CDs to the Internet. Works Cited discontinuous innovation. (2013, September 7). Retrieved from Lexicon: http://lexicon.ft.com/term?term=discontinuous-innovation Incremental innovation. (2013, September 7). Retrieved from Business Dictionary: http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/incremental-innovation.html#ixzz2eE7EGEmb

Dolphin Safe Tuna

Dolphin Safe Tuna Environmental and animal welfare groups promote dolphin-safe tuna, but the dolphin-safe label is in danger of being weakened in the U.S. and some animal protection groups do not support dolphin-safe tuna. Do Some Cans of Tuna Contain Dolphin Meat? No, cans of tuna do not contain dolphin meat. While dolphins are sometimes killed in tuna fishing (see below), the dolphins do not end up in the cans with the tuna. How are Dolphins Harmed in Tuna Fishing? Two types of tuna fishing are notorious for killing dolphins: Purse seine nets and driftnets. Purse seine nets: Dolphins and yellowfin tuna often swim together in large schools, and because dolphins are more visible and closer to the surface than tuna, the fishing boats will look for dolphins to find the tuna. The boats will then set a purse seine net in a circle around both species and capture dolphins along with the tuna. Purse seine nets are giant nets, typically 1,500 - 2,500 meters long and 150-250 meters deep, with a drawstring at the bottom and floats at the top. Some nets are equipped with fish aggregating devices that attract fish and help prevent the fish from escaping before the net can be closed. In addition to dolphins, the animals who are caught unintentionally - the incidental catch, can include sea turtles, sharks, and other fish. The crew is ususally able to release sea turtles back to the ocean unharmed, but the fish usually die. The problem with dolphins being killed in purse seine nets occurs mainly in the eastern tropical Pacific Ocean. The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration estimates that between 1959 and 1976, over 6 million dolphins were killed in purse seine nets in the eastern tropical Pacific Ocean. Driftnets: EarthTrust, an environmental NGO, calls driftnets the most destructive fishing technology ever devised by humankind. Driftnets are giant nylon nets that drift behind a boat. The nets have floats on top and may or may not have weights on the bottom, to keep the net hanging vertically in the water. Driftnets come in a variety of mesh sizes, depending on the target species, but they are a wall of death, killing everyone who gets caught in them. The United Nations banned driftnets over 2.5 kilometers long in 1991. Previously, driftnets up to 60 km long were in use and legal. According to EarthTrust, before the ban, driftnets killed over a hundred thousand dolphins and small cetaceans every year, along with millions of seabirds, tens of thousands of seals, thousands of sea turtles and great whales, and untold numbers of non-target fish. Pirate fisheries still use giant, illegal driftnets and will sometimes cut the nets loose to avoid getting caught, leaving these walls of death to continue drifting and killing indiscriminately for centuries to come. Although dolphin deaths from both methods has been greatly reduced, a 2005 study titled, Non-recovery of two spotted and spinner dolphin populations in the eastern tropical Pacific Ocean found that dolphin populations have been slow to recover. Can Tuna be Caught Without Harming Dolphins? Yes, a purse seine net can be made to release dolphins. After encircling both the tuna and dolphins, the boat can conduct a backdown operation in which a portion of the net is lowered enough for dolphins to escape. While this technique does save dolphins, it does not address other incidental catch issues, such as sharks and sea turtles. Another way to catch fish without harming dolphins is long line fishing. Long line fishing uses a fishing line that is typically 250-700 meters long, with several branches and hundreds or thousands of baited hooks. While longline fishing does not kill dolphins, the incidental catch includes sharks, sea turtles and seabirds like albatross. The Dolphin Protection Consumer Information Act In 1990, the U.S. Congress passed the Dolphin Protection Consumer Information Act, 16 U.S.C. 1385, which charges the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) with regulating dolphin-safe tuna claims. The dolphin-safe claim means that the tuna were not caught with drift nets, and that â€Å"no tuna were caught on the trip in which such tuna were harvested using a purse seine net intentionally deployed on or to encircle dolphins, and that no dolphins were killed or seriously injured in the sets in which the tuna were caught.† Not all tuna sold in the U.S. is dolphin-safe. To summarize: If the tuna were caught without driftnets and without chasing, encircling or killing dolphins, it can be sold in the US and is dolphin-safe.If the tuna were caught by chasing and encircling dolphins, but no dolphins were killed or seriously injured (and other requirements are met), the tuna can be sold in the U.S. but cannot be called dolphin-safe.If the tuna was caught by chasing and encircling dolphins, and dolphins were killed, it cannot be sold in the U.S. Of course, the above is a simplification of the law, which also requires tuna canners to file monthly reports and requires large tuna purse seine vessels must carry an observer. NOAA also conducts spot-checks to verify dolphin-safe claims. For more details on the NOAAs tuna tracking and verification program, click here. You can also read the full text of the Dolphin Protection Consumer Information Act here International Law International law also applies to the tuna/dolphin issue. In 1999, the United States signed the Agreement on the International Dolphin Conservation Program (AIDCP). The other signatories include Belize, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, El Salvador, European Union, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Peru, Vanuatu, and Venezuela. The AIDCP seeks to eliminate dolphin mortality in tuna fishing. Congress then amended the Marine Mammal Protection Act (MMPA) to effct the AIDCP in the United States. The AIDCP definition of dolphin-safe allows dolphins to be chased and encircled with nets, as long as dolphins are not killed or seriously injured. This definition differs from the U.S. definition, which does not permit the chasing or encircling of dolphins under the dolphin-safe label. According to the AIDCP, 93% of the sets made by chasing dolphins resulted in no deaths or serious injuries to dolphins. Challeges to the Dolphin-Safe Label Despite the dolphin-safe label being voluntary, and the fact that a fishery need not attain the dolphin-safe label in order to export tuna to the U.S., Mexico has twice challenged the U.S. dolphin-safe label as an unfair restriction on trade. In May of 2012, the World Trade Organization found that the current U.S. dolphin-safe label is inconsistent with the United States obligations under the Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade. In September, 2012, the U.S. and Mexico agreed that the U.S. would bring its dolphin-safe label in line with the WTOs recommendations and rulings by July of 2013.   To some, this is yet another example of how environmental and animal protection are sacrificed in the name of free trade. Todd Tucker, research director for Public Citizen’s Global Trade Watch, states, â€Å"This latest ruling makes truth-in-labeling the latest casualty of so-called ‘trade’ pacts, which are more about pushing deregulation than actual trade . . . Members of Congress and the public will be very concerned that even voluntary standards can be deemed trade barriers.† Whats Wrong with Dolphin-Safe Tuna? The UK-based Ethical Consumer site calls the dolphin-safe label somewhat of a red herring for several reasons. First, the vast majority of canned tuna is skipjack tuna, not yellowfin tuna. Skipjack tuna do not swim with dolphins, so they are never caught using dolphins. Also, the site points out that, It has been estimated that saving one dolphin, by using (fish aggregating devices), costs 16,000 smaller or juvenile tuna, 380 mahimahi, 190 wahoo, 20 sharks and rays, 1200 triggerfish and other small fish, one marlin and ‘other’ animals. The very strong implication that dolphin-safe tuna is sustainable or more humane makes the label problematic. Some animal protection groups object to dolphin-safe tuna because of the impact on tuna. Tuna and other fish populations are threatened by overfishing and from an animal rights perspective, eating tuna hurts tuna. According to Sea Shepherd, bluefin tuna populations have fallen 85% since industrial fishing began, and current quotas are too high to be sustainable. Environmentalists and animal advocates were disappointed in 2010 when the parties to CITES refused to protect tuna. In September of 2012, conservation experts called for better protections for tuna. According to the International Union for Conservation of Nature, five of the worlds eight tuna species are threatened or nearly threatened. Amanda Nickson, Director of Global Tuna Conservation at the Pew Environment Group stated, There is sufficient science available to set precautionary limits . . . If we wait five, 10 years for the science to be perfect, in the case of some species we may not have anything left to manage. Aside from concerns about extinction and overfishing, fish are sentient beings. From an animal rights perspective, fish have a right to be free of human use and exploitation. Even if there were no danger of overfishing, each individual fish has certain inherent rights, just as dolphins, seabirds and sea turtles do. Buying dolphin-safe tuna recognizes the dolphins rights, but fails to recognize the tunas rights, which is why many animal protection groups do not support dolphin-safe tuna.

Circus Maximus History and Games

Circus Maximus History and Games The first and biggest circus in Rome, the Circus Maximus was located between the Aventine and Palatine hills. Its shape made it particularly suitable for chariot races, although spectators could also watch other stadium events there or from the surrounding hillsides. Each year in ancient Rome, from the early legendary period, the Circus Maximus became the venue for an important and popular celebration. The Ludi Romani or Ludi Magni (September 5-19) were held to honor Jupiter Optimus Maximus (Jupiter Best and Greatest) whose temple was dedicated, according to tradition, which is always shaky for the early period, on September 13, 509 (Source: Scullard). The games were organized by the curule aediles and were divided into ludi circenses as in circus (e.g., chariot races and gladiatorial combats) and ludi scaenici as in scenic (theatrical performances). The ludi started with a procession to the Circus Maximus. In the procession were young men, some on horseback, charioteers, the almost naked, competing athletes, spear-carrying dancers to flute and lyre players, satyr and Silenoi impersonators, musicians, and incense burners, followed by images of the gods and once-mortal divine heroes, and sacrificial animals. The games included horse-drawn chariot races, foot races, boxing, wrestling, and more. Ludi Romani and the Circus Maximus King Tarquinius Priscus (Tarquin) was the first Etruscan king of Rome. When he took power, he engaged in various political ploys to gain popular favor. Among other actions, he waged a successful war against a neighboring Latin town. In honor of the Roman victory, Tarquin held the first of the Ludi Romani, the Roman Games, consisting of boxing and horse racing. The spot that he selected for the Ludi Romani became the Circus Maximus. The topography of the city of Rome is known for its seven hills (Palatine, Aventine, Capitoline or Capitolium, Quirinal, Viminal, Esquiline, and Caelian). Tarquin laid out the first racetrack circuit in the valley between the Palatine and Aventine Hills. Spectators could view the action by sitting on the hillsides. Later Romans developed another type of stadium (Colosseum) to suit other games they enjoyed. The ovoid shape and seating of the circus were more suited to chariot races than to wild beast and gladiator fights, although the Circus Maximus held both. Stages in the Building of the Circus Maximus King Tarquin laid out an arena known as the Circus Maximus. Down the center was a barrier (spina), with pillars at each end around which charioteers had to maneuver carefully. Julius Caesar enlarged this circus to 1800 feet in length by 350 feet wide. Seats (150,000 in Caesars time) were on terraces over stone arched vaults. A building with stalls and entrances to the seats surrounded the circus. End of the Circus Games The last games were held in the sixth century CE. Factions The drivers of the chariots (aurigae or agitatores) that raced in the circus wore team colors (factions). Originally, the factions were White and Red, but Green and Blue were added during the Empire. Domitian introduced short-lived Purple and Gold factions. By the fourth century CE, the White faction had joined the Green, and the Red had joined the Blue. The factions attracted fanatically loyal supporters. Circus Laps On the flat end of the circus were 12 openings (carceres) through which the chariots passed. Conical pillars (metae) marked the starting line (alba linea). At the opposite end were matching metae. Starting on the right of the spina, the charioteers raced down the course rounded the pillars and returned to the start 7 times (the missus). Circus Hazards Because there were wild beasts in the circus arena, spectators were offered some protection through an iron railing. When Pompey held an elephant fight in the arena, the railing broke. Caesar added a moat (euripus) 10 feet wide and 10 feet deep between the arena and the seats. Nero filled it back in. Fires in the wooden seats was another danger. The charioteers and those behind them were in particular danger when they rounded the metae. Other Circuses The Circus Maximus was the first and largest circus, but it was not the only one. Other circuses included the Circus Flaminius (where the Ludi Plebeii were held) and the Circus of Maxentius. The games became a regular event in 216 BCE in the Circus Flaminius, partly to honor the fallen champion, Flaminius, partly to honor the gods of the Plebes, and to honor all gods due to the dire circumstances of their struggle with Hannibal. The Ludi Plebeii was the first of a whole string of new games beginning in the late second century BCE to gather favor from whatever gods would listen to Romes needs.

Preferred future, what changes do you forsee as an advanced practice Essay

Preferred future, what changes do you forsee as an advanced practice nurse. Relate it to health care reform - Essay Example In order to be a quality-focused pediatric nurse practitioner capable of maximizing patient care and building staff unity, the nurse must take a leadership role within the organization in order to drive improvements. With health care reform currently on the forefront of society’s consciousness, it will be even more important to develop sound leadership skills in order to assist in this change process and also to improve relationships with patients of different socio-economic and cultural backgrounds. The future of health care, after potential reform, will change the methods by which nurses conduct their job role responsibilities. However, since this reform has not yet been built into solid legislation, it would be appropriate to compare this potential future for nurses with a preferred future to discuss how best to build a more effective organization. The future of nursing will require an individual with the ability to bridge gaps between colleagues, managers and patients in order to adjust to new health care reform-driven changes. Health care reform is going to mean new demands for pediatric nurse practitioners, especially in terms of how management and nurses interact. Health care reform is going to change the process of controls within the organization, requiring more unity between different professional ranks of the business. In order to facilitate quality relationships of this type, the nurse â€Å"must be a diplomat, helping people get past their conflicts with one another and facilitate their working together† (Grossman and Valiga, 2009, p.138). Unfamiliar changes to health care delivery, imposed by the potential new reform policy, are going to create different reactions from colleagues and superiors. In some instances, these changes may be so radically-different from current operations that members of the organization try to resist these changes through lack